Fosfor
15
P
Gruppe
15
Periode
3
Blok
p
Protoner
Elektroner
Neutroner
15
15
16
Generelle Egenskaber
Atomnummer
15
Atommasse
30,973762
Masseantal
31
Kategori
Andre ikke-metaller
Farve
Farveløs
Radioaktiv
Nej
From the Greek phosphoros, light bearing; ancient name for the planet Venus when appearing before sunrise
Krystalstruktur
Simpel Triklin
Historie
Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in 1669, in Hamburg, Germany, preparing it from urine.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
Elektroner i hver skal
2, 8, 5
Elektronkonfiguration
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms - white phosphorus and red phosphorus
Fysiske Egenskaber
Tilstandsform
Fast stof
Massefylde
1,82 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
317,25 K | 44,1 °C | 111,38 °F
Kogepunkt
553 K | 279,85 °C | 535,73 °F
Smeltevarme
0,64 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
12,4 kJ/mol
Varmefylde
0,769 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpen
0,099%
Forekomst i universet
0,0007%
CAS-nummer
7723-14-0
PubChem CID-nummer
5462309
Atomare egenskaber
Atomradius
98 pm
Kovalent radius
107 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,19 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotentiale
10,4867 eV
Atomvolumen
17,0 cm3/mol
Varmeledningsevne
0,00235 W/cm·K
Oxidationstrin
-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Anvendelser
Many fertilisers contain a high proportion of phosphorus and are manufactured from concentrated phosphoric acids.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
White phosphorus is highly toxic while red phosphorus is considered non-toxic
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
31PUstabile isotoper
24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P