Zirconium
40
Zr
Gruppe
4
Periode
5
Blok
d
Protoner
Elektroner
Neutroner
40
40
51
Generelle Egenskaber
Atomnummer
40
Atommasse
91,224
Masseantal
91
Kategori
Overgangsmetaller
Farve
Sølv
Radioaktiv
Nej
From the Persian zargun, gold like
Krystalstruktur
Simpel Hexagonal
Historie
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Elektroner i hver skal
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Elektronkonfiguration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
Fysiske Egenskaber
Tilstandsform
Fast stof
Massefylde
6,506 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
2128,15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
Kogepunkt
4682,15 K | 4409 °C | 7968,2 °F
Smeltevarme
21 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
580 kJ/mol
Varmefylde
0,278 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpen
0,013%
Forekomst i universet
5×10-6%
Billede akkrediteringer: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
CAS-nummer
7440-67-7
PubChem CID-nummer
23995
Atomare egenskaber
Atomradius
160 pm
Kovalent radius
175 pm
Elektronegativitet
1,33 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotentiale
6,6339 eV
Atomvolumen
14,0 cm3/mol
Varmeledningsevne
0,227 W/cm·K
Oxidationstrin
1, 2, 3, 4
Anvendelser
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94ZrUstabile isotoper
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr