Jod

53
I
Gruppe
17
Periode
5
Blok
p
Protoner
Elektroner
Neutroner
53
53
74
Generelle Egenskaber
Atomnummer
53
Atommasse
126,90447
Masseantal
127
Kategori
Halogener
Farve
Skifergrå
Radioaktiv
Nej
From the Greek word iodes, violet
Krystalstruktur
Endecentreret Orthohombisk
Historie
Iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811.

He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color.

In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.
Elektroner i hver skal
2, 8, 18, 18, 7
Elektronkonfiguration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
I
Kelp was the main source of natural iodine in the 18th and 19th centuries
Fysiske Egenskaber
Tilstandsform
Fast stof
Massefylde
4,93 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
386,85 K | 113,7 °C | 236,66 °F
Kogepunkt
457,4 K | 184,25 °C | 363,65 °F
Smeltevarme
7,76 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
20,9 kJ/mol
Varmefylde
0,214 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpen
0,000049%
Forekomst i universet
1×10-7%
Pure
Billede akkrediteringer: Images-of-elements
Pure crystalline iodine
CAS-nummer
7553-56-2
PubChem CID-nummer
807
Atomare egenskaber
Atomradius
140 pm
Kovalent radius
139 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,66 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotentiale
10,4513 eV
Atomvolumen
25,74 cm3/mol
Varmeledningsevne
0,00449 W/cm·K
Oxidationstrin
-1, 1, 3, 5, 7
Anvendelser
Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine.

A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds.

Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film.

Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease.
Elemental iodine is toxic if taken orally
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
127I
Ustabile isotoper
108I, 109I, 110I, 111I, 112I, 113I, 114I, 115I, 116I, 117I, 118I, 119I, 120I, 121I, 122I, 123I, 124I, 125I, 126I, 128I, 129I, 130I, 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I, 135I, 136I, 137I, 138I, 139I, 140I, 141I, 142I, 143I, 144I