Hafnium
72
Hf
Gruppe
4
Periode
6
Blok
d
Protoner
Elektroner
Neutroner
72
72
106
Generelle Egenskaber
Atomnummer
72
Atommasse
178,49
Masseantal
178
Kategori
Overgangsmetaller
Farve
Grå
Radioaktiv
Nej
From Hafinia, the Latin name for Copenhagen
Krystalstruktur
Simpel Hexagonal
Historie
In 1911, Georges Urbain claimed to have found the element in rare-earth residues which was shown later to be a mixture of already discovered lanthanides.
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy found it by X-ray spectroscopic analysis in Norwegian zircon in 1922.
Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer were the first to prepare metallic hafnium by passing hafnium tetra-iodide vapor over a heated tungsten filament in 1924.
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy found it by X-ray spectroscopic analysis in Norwegian zircon in 1922.
Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer were the first to prepare metallic hafnium by passing hafnium tetra-iodide vapor over a heated tungsten filament in 1924.
Elektroner i hver skal
2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Elektronkonfiguration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
In powdered form, hafnium is pyrophoric and can ignite spontaneously in air
Fysiske Egenskaber
Tilstandsform
Fast stof
Massefylde
13,31 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
2506,15 K | 2233 °C | 4051,4 °F
Kogepunkt
4876,15 K | 4603 °C | 8317,4 °F
Smeltevarme
25,5 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
630 kJ/mol
Varmefylde
0,144 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpen
0,00033%
Forekomst i universet
7×10-8%
CAS-nummer
7440-58-6
PubChem CID-nummer
23986
Atomare egenskaber
Atomradius
159 pm
Kovalent radius
175 pm
Elektronegativitet
1,3 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotentiale
6,8251 eV
Atomvolumen
13,6 cm3/mol
Varmeledningsevne
0,23 W/cm·K
Oxidationstrin
2, 3, 4
Anvendelser
Hafnium oxide-based compounds are being introduced into silicon-based chips to produce smaller, more energy efficient and performance packed processors.
Most of the hafnium produced is used in the production of control rods for nuclear reactors.
Hafnium is also used in photographic flash bulbs, light bulb filaments, and in electronic equipment as cathodes and capacitors.
Most of the hafnium produced is used in the production of control rods for nuclear reactors.
Hafnium is also used in photographic flash bulbs, light bulb filaments, and in electronic equipment as cathodes and capacitors.
Hafnium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180HfUstabile isotoper
153Hf, 154Hf, 155Hf, 156Hf, 157Hf, 158Hf, 159Hf, 160Hf, 161Hf, 162Hf, 163Hf, 164Hf, 165Hf, 166Hf, 167Hf, 168Hf, 169Hf, 170Hf, 171Hf, 172Hf, 173Hf, 174Hf, 175Hf, 181Hf, 182Hf, 183Hf, 184Hf, 185Hf, 186Hf, 187Hf, 188Hf