Osmium

76
Os
Gruppe
8
Periode
6
Blok
d
Protoner
Elektroner
Neutroner
76
76
114
Generelle Egenskaber
Atomnummer
76
Atommasse
190,23
Masseantal
190
Kategori
Overgangsmetaller
Farve
Skifergrå
Radioaktiv
Nej
From the Greek word osme, meaning smell
Krystalstruktur
Simpel Hexagonal
Historie
Osmium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London.

Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.

Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Elektroner i hver skal
2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
Elektronkonfiguration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Os
Osmium is the least abundant stable element in the Earth's crust
Fysiske Egenskaber
Tilstandsform
Fast stof
Massefylde
22,61 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
3306,15 K | 3033 °C | 5491,4 °F
Kogepunkt
5285,15 K | 5012 °C | 9053,6 °F
Smeltevarme
31 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
630 kJ/mol
Varmefylde
0,13 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpen
1,8×10-7%
Forekomst i universet
3×10-7%
Osmium
Billede akkrediteringer: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Osmium crystals produced by chemical transport reaction in chlorine gas
CAS-nummer
7440-04-2
PubChem CID-nummer
23937
Atomare egenskaber
Atomradius
135 pm
Kovalent radius
144 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,2 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotentiale
8,4382 eV
Atomvolumen
8,49 cm3/mol
Varmeledningsevne
0,876 W/cm·K
Oxidationstrin
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Anvendelser
Osmium is used alloyed with other metals in the platinum group to produce very hard alloys.

Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts

Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Even low concentrations in air can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 192Os
Ustabile isotoper
161Os, 162Os, 163Os, 164Os, 165Os, 166Os, 167Os, 168Os, 169Os, 170Os, 171Os, 172Os, 173Os, 174Os, 175Os, 176Os, 177Os, 178Os, 179Os, 180Os, 181Os, 182Os, 183Os, 185Os, 186Os, 191Os, 193Os, 194Os, 195Os, 196Os