Germanium
32
Ge
Gruppe
14
Periode
4
Blok
p
Protoner
Elektroner
Neutroner
32
32
41
Generelle Egenskaber
Atomnummer
32
Atommasse
72,63
Masseantal
73
Kategori
Halvmetaller
Farve
Grå
Radioaktiv
Nej
From the Latin word Germania, Germany
Krystalstruktur
Fladecentreret Kubisk
Historie
In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties based on its position on his periodic table and called the element eka-silicon.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
Elektroner i hver skal
2, 8, 18, 4
Elektronkonfiguration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Germanium and the oxide are transparent to infrared radiation
Fysiske Egenskaber
Tilstandsform
Fast stof
Massefylde
5,323 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
1211,4 K | 938,25 °C | 1720,85 °F
Kogepunkt
3106,15 K | 2833 °C | 5131,4 °F
Smeltevarme
31,8 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
334 kJ/mol
Varmefylde
0,32 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpen
0,00014%
Forekomst i universet
0,00002%
CAS-nummer
7440-56-4
PubChem CID-nummer
6326954
Atomare egenskaber
Atomradius
122 pm
Kovalent radius
122 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,01 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotentiale
7,8994 eV
Atomvolumen
13,6 cm3/mol
Varmeledningsevne
0,599 W/cm·K
Oxidationstrin
-4, 1, 2, 3, 4
Anvendelser
The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor in electronics.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is not known to be toxic
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74GeUstabile isotoper
58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 71Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge