Carbon
6
C
Gruppe
14
Periode
2
Blok
p
Protoner
Elektroner
Neutroner
6
6
6
Generelle Egenskaber
Atomnummer
6
Atommasse
12,0107
Masseantal
12
Kategori
Andre ikke-metaller
Farve
Sort
Radioaktiv
Nej
From the Latin word carbo, charcoal
Krystalstruktur
Simpel Hexagonal
Historie
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Elektroner i hver skal
2, 4
Elektronkonfiguration
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Fysiske Egenskaber
Tilstandsform
Fast stof
Massefylde
2,267 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Kogepunkt
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Smeltevarme
105 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
715 kJ/mol
Varmefylde
0,709 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpen
0,18%
Forekomst i universet
0,5%
CAS-nummer
7440-44-0
PubChem CID-nummer
5462310
Atomare egenskaber
Atomradius
67 pm
Kovalent radius
77 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,55 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotentiale
11,2603 eV
Atomvolumen
5,31 cm3/mol
Varmeledningsevne
1,29 W/cm·K
Oxidationstrin
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Anvendelser
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
12C, 13CUstabile isotoper
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C