Scandium

21
Sc
Gruppe
3
Periode
4
Blok
d
Protoner
Elektroner
Neutroner
21
21
24
Generelle Egenskaber
Atomnummer
21
Atommasse
44,955912
Masseantal
45
Kategori
Overgangsmetaller
Farve
Sølv
Radioaktiv
Nej
From the Latin word Scandia, Scandinavia
Krystalstruktur
Simpel Hexagonal
Historie
In 1879, Lars Fredrik Nilson and his team detected scandium in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite.

Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity.

Per Teodor Cleve showed that scandium had properties similar to those predicted by Mendeleev for eka-boron.

Metallic scandium was first prepared in 1937 by Fischer and his colleagues.
Elektroner i hver skal
2, 8, 9, 2
Elektronkonfiguration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Sc
The stable form of scandium is created in supernovas via the r-process
Fysiske Egenskaber
Tilstandsform
Fast stof
Massefylde
2,989 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
1814,15 K | 1541 °C | 2805,8 °F
Kogepunkt
3109,15 K | 2836 °C | 5136,8 °F
Smeltevarme
16 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
318 kJ/mol
Varmefylde
0,568 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpen
0,0026%
Forekomst i universet
3×10-6%
Ultrapure
Billede akkrediteringer: Images-of-elements
Ultrapure crystalline scandium
CAS-nummer
7440-20-2
PubChem CID-nummer
23952
Atomare egenskaber
Atomradius
162 pm
Kovalent radius
170 pm
Elektronegativitet
1,36 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotentiale
6,5615 eV
Atomvolumen
15,0 cm3/mol
Varmeledningsevne
0,158 W/cm·K
Oxidationstrin
1, 2, 3
Anvendelser
Scandium is used in sports equipment such as golf iron shafts, baseball bats, bicycle frames and fishing rods.

Scandium iodide, along with sodium iodide, when added to a modified form of mercury-vapor lamp, produces a form of metal halide lamp.

The radioactive isotope 46Sc is used in oil refineries as a tracing agent.
Scandium is considered to be of low toxicity
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
45Sc
Ustabile isotoper
36Sc, 37Sc, 38Sc, 39Sc, 40Sc, 41Sc, 42Sc, 43Sc, 44Sc, 46Sc, 47Sc, 48Sc, 49Sc, 50Sc, 51Sc, 52Sc, 53Sc, 54Sc, 55Sc, 56Sc, 57Sc, 58Sc, 59Sc, 60Sc